Assist Gas Behaviors in the Cutting Groove of Different Thickness
Authors:
Takeji Arai, Chuo University of RDI; Tokyo Japan
Noritaka Asano, Chuo University of RDI; Tokyo Japan
Presented at ICALEO 2005

The behavior of assist gas flow in the groove of different material thickness was investigated. Based upon the real shapes of cutting grooves, simulation model was established using the CAD drawings. The cross section in the direction perpendicular to the cut have a throat at both side walls in the groove owing to the effect of focal position. The simulation results shows that these throats can make accepted the assumption of the equation of continuity of gas flow under the boundary ...

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A Phase-Field Model for Microstructure Evolution of Laser Cladding Process
Authors:
Joohyun Choi, University of Missouri - Rolla; Rolla MO USA
Y. Cao, University of Missouri-Rolla; Rolla MO USA
Presented at ICALEO 2005

Laser cladding is an additive manufacturing process that a laser generates a melt-pool on the substrate material while a second material, as a powder or a wire form, is injected into that melt-pool. Among all laser processes, laser cladding offers the most extensive variety of possibilities to alter a component at its surface. Despite immense potentials and advancements, the process model of microstructure evolution of laser cladding process has not been fully deve...

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Wave-Solid Interactions in Shock Induced Deformation Processes
Authors:
Yajun Fan, Columbia University; New York NY USA
Youneng Wang, Columbia University; New York NY USA
Sinisa Vukelic, Columbia Univ.; New York NY USA
Y. Lawrence Yao, Columbia Univ.; New York NY USA
Presented at ICALEO 2005

A model was developed for material deformation processes induced by laser generated shock waves. They include laser shock peening (LSP) and laser peen forming (LPF) of metals. Numerical solutions of the model using finite element method (FEM) were implemented in two steps: (1) explicit step, devoted to shock wave propagation; and (2) implicit step, calculating relaxat...

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Modeling the Microstructure Evolution During Laser Processing of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors:
Shawn Kelly, Applied Research Laboratory - The Penn State University; State College PA USA
S. Suresh Babu, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge TN USA
Stephen Kampe, Materials Science and Engineering Dept., Virginia Tech; Blacksburg VA USA
Presented at ICALEO 2005

Near-net shape processes, such as laser metal deposition (LMD), offer a unique combination of process flexibility, time savings, and reduced cost in producing titanium alloy components. The current challenge in processing titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V) using LMD is in understanding the complex microstructure evolution in a p...

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Numerical Modeling of Molten Pool Formation During an Interaction of a Pulse Laser (Nd:YAG) with an Aluminum Sheet
Authors:
Nicolas Pierron, LTm - IUT Le Creusot; Le Creusot France
Presented at ICALEO 2005

In this paper a numerical modeling of molten pool during laser processing is presented. A 2D model is implemented in the finite element software Femlab. This study presents the first results obtained for aluminum sheets. Because of the laser power density and localized laser heating, high temperature gradients are produced. Consequently, a numerical approach in order to establish a model for such phenomena is often complicated but useful. A very fine mesh is realized in the interaction zone...

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Laser Forming of Thin Section Non Ferrous Metals with a Nd:YAG Laser Source
Authors:
Jacek Borowski, Metal Forming Institute; Poznan Poland
Konrad Bartkowiak, The University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
Stuart Paul Edwardson, The University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
Geoff Dearden, The University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
Chris Carey, The University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
Kenneth Watkins, The University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
Presented at ICALEO 2005

Laser forming is a relatively novel laser technique which has a practical extension for many industrial applications. The laser forming process has become viable for the shapin...

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Effects of Clamping on the Laser Forming Process
Authors:
Andrew J. Birnbaum, Columbia University; New York NY USA
Peng Cheng, Columbia University; New York NY USA
Y. Lawrence Yao, Columbia University; New York NY USA
Presented at ICALEO 2005

Although considerable effort has gone into characterizing the laser forming process in terms of process parameters and conditions, there has been little emphasis on the effects of the mechanical and thermal constraints introduced by the clamping method utilized for a desired application. This research suggests means for investigating and predicting the resulting geometry of a specimen due to laser operation in close proximity to ...

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Microstructure Integrated Finite Element Modeling of Laser Forming Particle Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composite Sheets
Authors:
Liu Furong, Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong
Presented at ICALEO 2005

Laser forming is a novel process to deform the metal sheet by using the thermal stress caused by the changes of the transient temperature field without the assistance of the external tools, therefore, it is popularly used in many fields of the industries. From its birth, considerable amount of experiments and analytical or numerical models were carried out to investigate the deformation behavior of the metal sheet. However, most of the investigations were focused on the monolithic alloy...

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Thermal Forming Process Design
Authors:
David Mika, General Electric; Niskayuna NY USA
Presented at ICALEO 2005

Thermal forming metallic components with laser energy is evolving into a viable manufacturing technology with commercial applications spanning diverse domains such as high-volume automotive part production, microelectronic device fabrication and shape tuning turbomachinery airfoils. Research activities are concentrated on quantifying the underlying mechanisms and resulting strain fields and in devising thermal forming strategies and schedules to yield a desired part shape. In this paper we outline a generalized empiric-numeric approach to determine thermal forming induced strain fie...

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Spinning of Thin Metal Plate with Diode Laser
Authors:
Tadashi Misu, Chiba Institute of Technology; Narashino Chiba Japan
Masanobu Nagahama, Chiba Institute of Technology; Narashno Chiba Japan
Syunrou Yoshioka, Chiba Institute of Technology; Narashino Chiba Japan
Toshiyuki Miyazaki, Chiba Institute of Technology; Narashino Chiba Japan
Tsuyoshi Tokunaga, Polytechnic Univ.; Sagamihara Kanagawa Japan
Yoshihiro Tanaka, Tokyo Institute Polytechnic Univ.; Kodaira Tokyo Japan
Presented at ICALEO 2005

Spinning of AISI 304, magnesium alloy and titanium alloy plates is tried with diode laser. The sizes of the plates are 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mm ...

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The Effect of Beam Geometry on Stress Distribution in Laser Bending of Tubes
Authors:
Shakeel Safdar, The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
Lin Li, The University of Manchester; Manchester Lancs Great Britain
M.A Sheikh, The University of Manchester; Manchester Lancs UK
Zhu Liu, The University of Manchester; Manchester Lancs UK
Presented at ICALEO 2005

Laser forming is a spring back free, non-contact forming method. Compared to the mechanical bending, no hard tooling, dies or external force is used. Laser forming in recent years have received considerable attention. Within laser forming; tube bending is an important industrial activity, the final pr...

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Large Diameter and Thin Wall Laser Tube Bending
Authors:
Wenwu Zhang, GE Global Research; Schenectady NY USA
Brian Farrell, GE Global Research; Schenectady NY USA
Carl Erikson, GE Global Research; Schenectady NY USA
Jie Zhang, Dept. of Mech. Engineering, Columbia University; NYC NY USA
Magdi Azer, GE Global Research; Schenectady NY USA
Marshall Jones, GE Global Research; Schenectady NY USA
Michael Graham, GE Global Research; Schenectady NY USA
Y. Lawrence Yao, Dept. of Mech. Engineering, Columbia University; NYC NY USA
Presented at ICALEO 2005

Large diameter and thin wall tube bending is challenging for m...

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Results on Process Engineering and Control of Single Crystal Blades Laser Repairing
Authors:
Pascal Aubry, CEA Saclay; Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex France
Thierry Malot, Gip Gerailp; Arcueil France
Presented at ICALEO 2005

This article presents our the results of the part of the European AWFORS Project related to single crystal blade repairing by laser cladding. First, we present the overview of the project and the aims related to single crystal blades. Thus, physical metallurgy considerations are presented. These elements related to the process modeling is followed by a process parameter search. The materials used are both single crystal superalloys CMSX2 and MC2. Once the parameters are...

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Laser Clads for Application as Bearing Materials: Microstructure and Tribological Properties
Authors:
Rolf Galun, Institut fuer Werkstoffkunde und Werkstofftechnik, Technische Universitaet Clausthal; Clausthal, Zellerfeld Germany
Detlef Weinhausen, IWW; Clausthal-Zellerfeld Niedersachsen Germany
Gunar Bergmann, IWW; Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Niedersachsen Niedersachsen Germany
Presented at ICALEO 2005

Due to EU restrictions of using lead in materials for plain bearings in automotive applications, conventional lead bronze was replaced by materials based on lower strength and thus lower load bearing capable aluminium-tin alloys. Goal of the presented work was to produce bear...

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In-Situ Cladding of Leading Edge of LP Turbine Blades Using Fibre Delivered Diode Laser
Authors:
Milan Brandt, Industrial Laser Applications Laboratory, IRIS Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Victoria Australia
B. Dempster, Industrial Laser Applications Laboratory, IRIS Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Victoria Australia
J. Harris, Industrial Laser Applications Laboratory, IRIS Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Victoria Australia
S. Sun, Industrial Laser Applications Laboratory, IRIS Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Victoria Australia
N. Alam, CSIRO Manufacturing and Infrastructure Technology; Adelaide Australia...

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Scientific and Technological Landscape of Laser Cladding: A Bibliometric Analysis of Patents and Publications
Authors:
Jean Archambeault, Aluminium Technology Centre, National Research Council Canada; Saguenay Quebec Canada
Laurent Dubourg, Aluminium Technology Centre, National Research Council Canada; Saguenay Quebec Canada
Presented at ICALEO 2005

In the last 20 years, public and private organizations involvement in laser cladding R&D activities is increasing. Worldwide, these activities are mainly conducted in universities, public research institutes and technical centres in private companies. This study presents a bibliometric analysis of the patents and scientific publicatio...

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Pitting Resistance of Laser Clad Alloys 625, C-276, 59, and 686
Authors:
Eric Whitney, ARL, The Pennsylvania State Univ. ; State College PA USA
Brad Krantz, Corrosion Testing Laboratories, Inc.; Newark DE USA
Seanda Williams, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport; Keyport WA USA
Presented at ICALEO 2005

The pitting corrosion resistance of Alloys 625, C-276, 59, and 686, in the laser clad condition, was characterized by using ASTM G28 and ASTM G150 test protocols. Test samples were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Alloys 59 and 686 are wrought alloys designed to be exceptionally pit resistant. Test results of laser clad samples show th...

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Synthesis of Nb3Al High Temperature Intermetallic Compound by Laser Deposition
Authors:
Minlin Zhong, Tsinghua University; Beijing China
Jinjiang He, Tsinghua University; Beijing China
Wenjin Liu, Tsinghua University; Beijing China
Presented at ICALEO 2005

Refractory intermetallic compound Nb3Al is expected as a candidate for structural materials operated at much higher temperatures compared to conventional Ni superalloys. However, Nb3Al is difficult to fabricate by conventional methods. Little work has been reported on synthesis of Nb-rich intermetallic alloys by laser deposition. This paper presents research work on laser deposition of a powder blend of Nb, Ti, Al pu...

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Laser Surface Modification Under Submerged Chemical Slurry Conditions
Authors:
Tamer Ezz, The University of Manchester; Manchester lancs UK
Lin Li, The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
Philip Crouse, The University of Manchester; Manchester lancs UK
Zhu Liu, The University of Manchester; Manchester Great Britain
Presented at ICALEO 2005

Of the many methods of laser treatment for improving materials surface properties that have been published, very few have reported on laser processing under chemically submerged conditions. In this work, silicon oxynitrides and TiN coatings are deposited on mild steel substrates. Laser beams with different powers and...

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Active Control of Heat-Induced Deformation in a Laser Powder Deposition Process
Authors:
Umesh Korde, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Rapid City SD USA
Michael Langerman, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Rapid City SD USA
Matthew Hainy, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Rapid City SD USA
Travis Zelfer, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Rapid City SD USA
James Sears, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Rapid City SD USA
Presented at ICALEO 2005

Laser additive manufacturing has significant advantages over conventional manufacturing processes that are important in a variety of fabrication,...

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CO2 Laser Welding Fused Silica
Authors:
Danny MacCallum, Sandia National Laboratories; Albuquerque NM USA
Gerald Knorovsky, Sandia National Laboratories; Albuquerque NM USA
Presented at ICALEO 2005

The feasibility of laser welding of fused silica (aka quartz) has been demonstrated recently by others. An application requiring hermetic sealing of a thin, pressure-bearing quartz diaphragm to a thicker frame led us to explore this technique. We found that laser welding techniques normally used for metallic parts caused scorching and uneven melting. Contrary to �standard� practices (near focus, high travel speed, high power density), successful welds in fused silica required a broad ...

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Laser Drilling of Natural Granite Plates
Authors:
Ram�n Soto, Universidad de Vigo; Vigo Pontevedra Spain
Antonio Riveiro, University of Vigo; Vigo Spain
Mohamed Boutinguiza, Universidad de Vigo; Vigo Pontevedra Spain
F�lix Quintero, Universidad de Vigo; Vigo Pontevedra Spain
Fernando Lusqui�os, Universidad de Vigo; Vigo Pontevedra Spain
Juan Pou, Universidad de Vigo; Vigo Spain
Mariano P�rez-Amor, Universidad de Vigo; Vigo Pontevedra Spain
Presented at ICALEO 2005

Following previous work focused on the laser processing of natural stones, we present in this paper the results of the study carried out to verify the feasi...

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Cost Effective Laser Shock Processing Development at GE Aircraft Engines
Authors:
Todd Rockstroh, GE Transportation; Evendale OH USA
Presented at ICALEO 2005

GE Aircraft Engines (GEAE) has worked with various vendors since 1992 to develop laser shock processing. GEAE launched production on the stage one fan blades for the F101 / B1 Bomber and F110/F16 Falcon engines in 1996 and has, with the US Air Force, nearly completely retrofitted the USAF fleet. Intial applications were driven by critical performance and flight safety issues. The laser equipment was expensive to procure and maintain and required a highly skilled maintenance staff for daily setup and process maintenance. GEAE launched a ...

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Active Stressing and the Control of Macro-Scale Damage in Unsupported Ceramics During Laser Machining
Authors:
Albert Segall, The Penn State Univ.; University Park PA USA
Guodong Cai, Penn State; University Park PA USA
Paul Brugan, Penn State; University Park PA USA
Ravindra Akarapu, Penn State; University Park PA USA
Stephanie Pullford, The Penn State Univ.; University Park PA USA
Presented at ICALEO 2005

The low-force signature of lasers makes them very attractive for the machining of ceramics. Unfortunately, unwanted damage ranging from micro-cracks to macro-scale fracture including chips and burrs still plagues the practice, especially du...

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Development of the Laser Stir Welding Process for Aluminum Laser Beam Welding
Authors:
Richard Martukanitz, Penn State University/ARL; State College PA USA
C. J. Warren, Alcoa Technical Center; Alcoa Center PA USA
I. Stol, Alcoa Technical Center; Alcoa Center PA USA
Jay Tressler, Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University; State College PA USA
Presented at ICALEO 2005

Laser stir welding involves the manipulation of the laser beam to provide hydrodynamic stirring and subsequent healing of the keyhole. Since aluminum alloys tend to be especially sensitive to keyhole stability, the process was conceived for laser beam welding of these alloys....

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